ASCII text
The
American Standard Code for Information Interchange is the most common
format for text files that are transferred through the Internet. When you
download a file from a web site that is composed of alphanumeric
characters (letters and numbers), such as a set of instructions, you
should be sure that you are transferring it in an ASCII format, rather
than
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ActiveX
Control
A small program that provides additional features for Web
pages or a Web browser. Currently, only Microsoft’s Internet Explorer
browser supports ActiveX controls. An ActiveX control is automatically
downloaded from a Web site and installed on a computer by Internet
Explorer the first time a user visits the page.
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Ad
Blocker
Software that stops banner ads from being displayed on Web.
Ad Blockers typical make Web pages load faster and prevent ad networks
from tracking visits.
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Ad Network
An
advertising business that places banner ads, typically on thousands of Web
sites. Well-known ad networks include 24/7 Media, Advertising.com,
DoubleClick, and Engage.
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Anonymizer
A
service that offers anonymous Web surfing by acting as an intermediary. An
anonymizer services prevents a Web site from seeing your IP address or
planting cookies on your computer.
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Banner
Ad
These are the horizontal ads you see at many Web sites. They are
typically placed by ad networks and not the site you are visiting.
Clicking on a banner ad will take a Web surfer to another site where they
can learn more about the product or service being advertised.
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Binary
The two
digit ("0" and "1") number system that allows your computer to read and
process data. If you are downloading any kind of program or image (any
non-text file) from a web site, you must receive it in binary
format.
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Booting
Two
types of booting are Hard/Warm booting and Soft/cold booting. Booting
means loading the operating system so that computer starts managing the
resources and become ready to accept, analyse and execute the commands
given by the users. While working with PC, user has to load Window98 /
WindowMe / Window NT / Window2000 or Window XP .
Hard boot phase
starts from switching on computer. After this instructions in ROM get
executed. RAM size is checked then Windows system files are loaded into
memory.
Soft boot is done, if and when required after hard boot.
This does not execute ROM instructions and memory check. This is done by
pressing Ctrl, Alt, Del keys simultaneously. It will only refresh the
memory and reload the operating system.
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CD-ROM
CD-ROM
(Compact Disk Read only Memory). CD drive that can be added to the
computer as one of its peripherals. This drive retrieves information from
CDs. A storage disk iis like music CD but stores data. CD has 650 MB
memory. It is made of plastic material having 4.7" diameter. Bottom
surface of CD is aluminium + plastic material with spiral tracks having
pitch 0.5 micrometer. CD-R compact disk recordable, CD-RW read write
allows to record, erase and rewrite data. This CD can be used for thousand
time or less.
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Client/Server
A
term that describes the relationship between two computers in which one
unit (the client) requests a file or service from another unit (the
server). When you visit BradSeleck, your computer (client) requests to see
the web pages available on a computer (server).
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Chat
A
real-time dialogue between two or more online users conducted in either a
public "chat room" or private session in which all exchanges are typed in
and appear on the screen. May be referred to as "Internet Relay Chat" or
IRC for short.
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Cookie
A small
text file which is deposited on your hard drive by a web site you visit.
This file identifies your computer. It records your preferences and other
data about your visit to that site. When you return to the site, the site
knows who you are. Cookies can thus be used for longer term data
collection.
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Cookie, 3rd
Party
These cookies are placed by ad networks and Internet
marketing companies, not the site you are visiting.
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Cookie
Buster
Software to block or remove cookies to stop tracking by Web
sites and ad networks.
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CPU and it
Speed
The heart of a computer (your PC) is a Central Processing
Unit (CPU). The CPU incorporates an ALU, a control unit and registers. It
is mainly CPU that decides the speed and power of a computer.
The base
of CPU is a silicon chip. The chip houses millions of transistors
that do the basic logical and arithmetic functions in a prescribed
sequence. A fast CPU takes less time to complete a task. The speed of CPU
usually refers to clock speed. There is a clock on your computer CPU and
uses a quartz crystal. This crystal produce million of pulses per second.
The clock speed measured in (MHz & GHz) supplies the CPU with
electrical pulses that synchronizes the instruction the CPU sends to other
devices such as ROM, RAM. The CPU can execute an instruction from
software. Intel & AMD microprocessor with 2GHz refers to clock speed
of 2 GHz
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Cyber
A prefix
used to describe some element of the high-tech or information age.
Examples include cyberspace, cybersex, and cybercitizen.
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Data Spill
A
data spill occurs when information entered into a form at a Web site is
accidentally sent to Web servers of other companies. These companies can
be ad networks or advertisers. Data spills are caused by poor design of
forms at a Web site.
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Daemon
Pronounced
"demon", a program that runs independently from the operating system and
handles routine processes in the background of network
transactions.
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Dial up
services
Dial up service means that you dial up your ISP through
standard telephone lines. You establish a connection with an ISP computer
system (and to the internet). For dial up service you need a modem and a
dial up software such as the dial up networking in windows 95/98, 2000 ,
WIndow XP and a telephone connection.
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Digital
Certificate
A digital stamp, using encryption technology that
certifies where a digital document came from. A certification authority
backs up the certificates.
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Download
The
process of retrieving a file from a remote computer. The file is copied
from the Internet server to your computer, where you can view it and use
it. Your computer "downloaded" this glossary web page to your computer so
that you could read it.
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DSL
Digital
Subscriber Line is modem technology that transforms ordinary
telephone line also known as "twisted copper pairs" with high speed
digital lines for Instant Internet Access. This technology is promoting
high data communications and interactive Video. DSL is the next best
choise if cable connection is not available. The DSL modems are a digital
coding technique to get tremendous capacity out of your existing phone
lines without interfering with regular services. There is no need for any
additional dial up and you can talk on your phone or send a fax at the
same time while you are surfing the web. DSL is often compared to ISDN.
DSL provides speed up to 8 Mbps. These speeds are almost 200 times faster
than 28.8 K modems.
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Dynamic
IP-Address
A dynamic IP address is
one that changes everytime you go online. Dial-up accounts get a new IP
address everytime one dials up.
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E-business
Also
known as "e-commerce", this term describes any commercial transactions
conducted over the web (buying and selling of goods or
services).
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E-mail
Shortened
form of electronic mail, describes the transmission of messages over a
public or private network. The majority of traffic over the Internet is in
the form of e-mail.
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Encryption
Software
Encryption technology permits digital information to be
scrambled to make it unreadable by those who do not have a complete set of
digital keys.
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Ethernet Adaptor
Address
This is the personal name of the ethernet card in one's
computer. Ethernet is a commonly use networking technology, used to link
computers together.
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Fair Information
Practices
The Code of Fair Information Practices is based on five
principles:
1. There must be no personal data record-keeping systems
whose very existence is secret.
2. There must be a way for a person to
find out what information about the person is in a record and how it is
used.
3. There must be a way for a person to prevent information about
the person that was obtained for one purpose from being used or made
available for other purposes without the person's consent.
4. There
must be a way for a person to correct or amend a record of identifiable
information about the person.
5. Any organization creating,
maintaining, using, or disseminating records of identifiable personal data
must assure the reliability of the data for their intended use and must
take precautions to prevent misuses of the data.
(U.S. Dep't. of
Health, Education and Welfare, Secretary's Advisory Committee on Automated
Personal Data
Systems, Records, computers, and the Rights of Citizens
viii (1973))
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Firewall
A
software or hardware device to control access to computer on a Local Area
Network (LAN) from outside computers on the Internet.
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FAQ
Frequently-Asked
Questions is usually a file or web page dedicated to answering the
basic questions about any topic covered on the Internet. New users are
strongly encouraged to read through the FAQ section whenever one is made
available to you. It can often save you time and confusion when visiting a
new site or trying a new Internet-based service.
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Flaming
The
practice of electronically abusing another person online through
newsgroups, e-mail or chat forums. Flaming is frowned upon and a breach of
netiquette.
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Floppy Disk
A
flat piece of rotating circular magnetic material. A device that
magnetically stores information from computer system on to a diskette. In
hard disk the disks are not flexible. In a floppy disks the disk is a
circular plate made of flexible magnetic coated plastic sheet. These
floppies need floppy disk drive. There are two types of disk drive and
disks. 3½" drive and 5¼" drive. Floppy of 3½" have 1.44 MB and 5¼" drive
uses 1.2 MB memory. Old computers work with both types of disks. At
present 3½" are most used. But after CD-ROM drive, floppy drive use has
become less.
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Form
Any
element of a web page that requires a user to enter information to get
output from a web server. When you use one of a search engine to find
information on the web, you are using a form.
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Freeware
Software
that is available to anyone in the public domain without cost or copyright
restrictions.
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FTP
The
File Transfer Protocol is the simplest method for
moving files between computers on the Internet. You will often hear the
terms "upload" and "download" used to describe the transfer of files from
a client to a server (upload) or from a server to a client (download).
These transactions can take place because the two computers involved are
speaking the same language: FTP.
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Geek Speak
The
language of those who are thoroughly immersed in the computer or
technology fields. You're learning it right now!
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GUID
A
Globally Unique IDentifier, used to identify a
computer, a user, a file, etc. for tracking purposes. GUIDs are
represented as thirty-two hex numbers.
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Hacker
Depending
on your point of view, a hacker is either a very talented software
programmer or an individual who seeks to circumvent security systems and
gain illegal access to networks.
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Hard
Disk
Every computer system must have a hard disk drive. It is a
device that magnetically stores information from the computer system on to
a disk. Most of the hard disks are permanently mounted on the drive
mechanism and made of Hard Aluminium material with magnetic material
coating.
The first commercially available hard disk were available in
10 MB - 100 MB of area. Today hard disks are available in 2.1 GB and 40 GB
and over 80 GB memory area. Physically size is almost 3½"
diameter.
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Host name
The
name of a computer that is attached to a network. The host name typically
includes a computer name and the organization that the computer belongs
to. Example: trixie.privacyfoundation.org.
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HTML
The
Hypertext Markup Language is a set of formatting
codes which allows documents to be transferred and viewed by remote
computers over the Internet through web browser software (i.e. Netscape
Navigator or Microsoft Internet Explorer)
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Internet
Now
known simply as "the Net", the Internet is the conglomerate of physical
resources that allow for the transfer of data from one remote location to
another. The Internet comprises all the wiring, computers, and other
hardware involved in these transfers.
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IP
Abbreviation
for Internet Protocol. It refers to the standards by which
computers talk to other computers via the Internet.
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IP Address
An
IP address is a number that identifies a computer that is linked to the
Internet. When displayed, an IP address is typically written as four
numbers separated by periods. Example: 24.12.33.56.
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ISDN
With ISDN
(Integrated Services Digital Network) You can
make a dial up connection to your ISP through ordinary telephone lines or
special ISDN lines. ISDN lines are about two or three times faster than
ordinary telephone lines. ISDN is telephone wire technology that allows
digital data transmission to coexist with analoge pathways. With ISDN
lines you need not a modem and instead use a device called a terminal
adapter.
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ISP
An
Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a company or a
group which provides access to users on a pay per use basis. ISPs already
have dedicated connections to the internet and allow users to connect to
their computers via modem to obtain access to the Internet. ISPs have
already invested on hardware computers, modems, routes, telephone
connections and so on. ISP can provide access to the internet through dial
up service (ordinary telephone lines or ISDN), DSL leased bins or cable
connections. Two types of services provided by ISPs are shell access and
TCP/IP access. Shell access is text based i.e. email, ftp, telnet and text
based browsing. TCP/IP access provides text as well as
graphics
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IT
(Information
Technology)A broad term used to refer to any form of technology
used to create, transfer, or store information in all it's various forms
(text, images, sound, multimedia files).
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Java Applet
A
small program, written in the Java language, that provides additional
features for a web page.
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(information technology) Java
Script
This is a scripting language, that allows a Web site to add
features to a web page. (Note: JavaScript and Java are both programming
languages, but unrelated.)
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Leased
Line
refers to a phone line connection that is rented for exclusive
use from one computer or network to another or for constant access to the
internet. It is a dedicated connection between your computer and the
computer system of your ISP. You do not need to dial your ISP instead you
are permanently connected to your ISP with dedicated telephone line
connection. You can transmit digital data at 1.544 mega
bits/sec.
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Link
In HTML,
a link is any text, image, or object on a web page that can be selected to
connect a user to some other form of information or service. In most web
pages, a link is used to bring up a new section of text, view an image,
download a file, or open an entirely new web page on the
screen.
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Logon/Login
Any
process in which a user must provide a specific user name and password to
gain access to some remote computer, application, or service (such as
e-mail).
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MAC
Address
The Media Access Control address is
the unique ID serial number of the Ethernet card in one's computer.
Ethernet is a commonly used networking technology, used to link computers
together. MAC Addresses are needed in a Local Area Network for computers
to communicate. Note that MAC addresses have nothing to do with Apple
Macintosh computers.
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Modem
The
modulator- demodulator is a device that allows a computer to
transmit data to other computers via. telephone lines. If you are using
computer only for internal office use then you may
not go for modem.
Almost all modems available in the market are also having a fax. With a
fax/modem you can use your computer to send and receive faxes anywhere
around the world. Unlike the normal fax machines, fax coming into your
computer do not need to be printed. You can send a document or graphics
from your screen to a normal fax machine.Speed of Modem : 28 Kpbs, 54
Kpbs, 128 Kpbs
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Netiquette
Based
on the idea, "treat others as you would like to be treated", netiquette is
simply etiquette for the Internet. Rude or boorish behavior in using
e-mail, chat and other Internet. services marks a failure to follow
netiquette.
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Network
Any
collection of interconnected points tied together by communication paths
(wiring, satellite, wireless broadcasts). A network may be described by
its physical size, type of connection, level of access (public or
private), or some other distinction.
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Newbie
A term
applied to any new user of a technology. Don't worry, it's not a
derogatory label. Everyone was or will be a newbie at some
point.
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Newsgroup
The
discussion of a specific topic through the exchange of messages at a
central Internet. site. Newsgroups are maintained by Usenet, a worldwide
network of discussion groups. Newsgroup dialogues are arranged in a
hierarchy of posts and replies (called "threads"). Topics covered by
newsgroups are incredibly varied, touching on such diverse issues as
gourmet cooking, movie genres and mountain climbing.
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OPT-IN
When a
person gives explicit permission for a company to use personal information
for marketing purposes.
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OPT-OUT
When a
person must instruct a company not to use their personal information for
marketing purposes.
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P3P
Platform
for Privacy Preferences Project. A proposed browser feature to
analyze privacy policies and allow users to control what personal
information is revealed.
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Packet
In
Internet Protocol ( IP ), information is passed in little bunches of
digital information called packets. Any given exchange between users and
sites will consist of many packets, all of which are capable of going by
different pathways to get to their assigned destination.
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Packet
Sniffer
A software tool used by programmers. It shows what packets
of information are sent to and from a computer.
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Password
A
user-chosen word to allow access to a given web site or service.
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PGP
Widely-used
encryption software from PGP Security.
The initials stand for Pretty Good Privacy.
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PII
Personally Identifiable Information such as a name,
mailing address, phone number, social security number, or email
address.
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Ping
A short
message sent by a computer across a network to another computer to confirm
that the target computer is up and running. The target computer will send
a ping back to confirm.
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Plug-in
Any
software program used in conjunction with a web browser to enhance a
user's visit to a web site. Plug-ins allow web surfers to see movies,
animation, and hear sound that has been incorporated into a web
page.
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Privacy
Policy
A Web site’s statement to users of what information it
collects and what it will do with the information after it has been
collected.
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Privacy Seal
Program
A program to certify compliance with standards of privacy
protection. Sites with the seal claim to adhere to these
standards.
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Proxy
Server
It masks a computer going out on the web. In many corporate
or institutional networks, all requests for web pages go through a proxy
server .
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Public
Domain
Used to describe software or services that are completely
open to public use. The authors intentionally share their work with any
interested user. Shareware is one element of public domain
software.
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Query
String
The last piece of a URL. A query string starts with a
question mark and typical contains information that was typed into an HTML
form. This data is used by a Web site to return information back to a
user. Query strings are optional in URLs.
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Real
Audio
RealAudio is a method for delivering continuous or
"streaming" sound to a user, rather than require the user to download the
entire file before listening to it. RealAudio requires special software to
receive and play the sounds. Many radio stations and some television
stations offer RealAudio broadcasts of their programming.
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Search
Engine/Machine
At present there are over 80 lac web sites. The web
is so huge that you need the services of search engine or machine to help
you search information on a specific topic or word. Such engines or
machine help you to search through more than 100 million web pages on the
internet. A search engine is a special kind of website used to find other
websites. Search engine take a word or phrase and hunt through lists of
all the web pages in the internet to find ones that seem to match what you
are trying to find. Some popular search engines are Alta Vista, Excite,
Yahoo, Google, Infoseek, Hot Bot, Khoj.
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SMTP
The
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is the set of
procedures needed for users to send mail from their networked computer to
remote users. The SMTP server accepts a users message and routes it to the
chosen destination. SMTP is most-often used in conjunction with POP3 to
manage the transfer of e-mail.
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Static
IP-Address
A static IP address is
one that does not change everytime you go online. It is thus a flag to one
computer.
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TCP/IP
TCP/IP
is Transmission Control Protocol / Internet
Protocol. All computers connected to the internet share this common
protocol (or language). TCP/IP is a standard which regulates how all
computers connected to the internet must act when communicating with one
another.
Every computer on a network running TCP/IP software knows
exactly where on the `network map it is located. A computer routes
information to the intended recipient via the fastest route.
The TCP/IP
standard dictates the data sent by computer over the internet is broken
into pieces called packets. These packets travel as separate entities from
the sending computer to the destination computer and may even take
different routes. At destination these packets are reunited in proper
.
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Telecommuting
Using
telecommunications technology to conduct business from locations outside
the traditional offic setting.
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Trace
Route
The path that a packet takes, computer by computer, across
the Internet from a sending computer to a receiving computer.
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TRUSTe
The TRUSTe "trustmark," an online branded
seal displayed by member Web sites. The trustmark is awarded only to sites
that adhere to established privacy principles and agree to comply with
ongoing TRUSTe oversight and consumer resolution procedures.
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Unzipping
The
process of extracting compressed files from a single archive. To save
space, many files that can be downloaded from Internet. servers are in a
compressed format (i.e. .ZIP or .RAR) and must be unzipped before they can
be accessed by a user. Special software, such as WinZip, is required to
unzip an archive
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URL
The
address of a Web page. URL stands for Universal Resource
Locator.
Example: http://www.bradseleck.com/
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Virtual
An
overused term that describes some item, service, or other element that
reflects or mimics a real version of that thing. Virtual reality, for
example, is a computer-generated approximation of a real setting and/or
series of events without true physical dimensions.
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Web Browser
A
web brouser is a software that lets users gain access to and navigate the
web. A web browser can interpret the links embedded in the documents and
access the related documents on demand. The most popular web browser
currently in use are Netscape Navigator (or Communicator) and Internet
Explorer.
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Web
Bug - Clear Gif - Tracker
Gif
A graphic on a Web page or in an email message that is designed
to monitor who is reading the Web page or email message. A Web Bug is
often invisible because they are typically only 1-by-1 pixel in size, with
no color. Among the information collected is the IP address of the
computer that the Web Bug is sent to, the URL of the page the Web Bug
comes from and the time it was viewed. The Web Bug is also known as a
1-by-1 GIF, invisible GIF, and tracker
GIF.
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Web Master
An
individual who creates, maintains, and/or updates the information content
of a web site. The webmaster may also be responsible for managing the
technology and programming used in making a site accessible through the
Internet.
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WWW
The
World Wide Web is the conglomeration of all material
that can be accessed through the Internet. and the community of users
accessing that material. The web is distinct from the Internet. in that
the net is the hardware and the web is the information conveyed by that
hardware.
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Y2K
An
abbreviation for the Year 2000, identified by many technologically savvy
individuals as the point when many critical computer systems will
experience operational problems. The extent of these problems is a subject
of heated debate within the online community..
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Zip Drive
It
is some what similar type as hard disk but it is portable and removable
and stores data from 100 MB and more. The advantage of this drive is that
it is removablelike floppy disks.
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|
Index:
ASCII
text
ActiveX
control
Ad
blocker
Ad
Network
Anonymizer
Banner
Ad
Binary
Booting
CD-ROM
Clear
GIF
Client/Server
Chat
Cookie
Cookie
Buster
Cookie,3rd
party
CPU
& Speed
Cyber
Data
spill
Daemon
Dial
up services
Digital
certificate
Digital
signature
DSL
Download
Dynamic
IP address
E-business
E-mail
Encryption
software
Ethernet
adapter address
Fair
Information Practices
Firewall
FAQ
Flaming
Floppy
disk
Form
Freeware
FTP
Geek
Speak
GIF,
clear
GIF,
tracker
GUID
Hacker
Hard
Disk
Host
name
HTML
Internet
IP
IP
address
ISDN
ISP
Java
Applet
JavaScript
Leased
Line
Link
Logon/Login
MAC
address
Modem
Netiquette
Network
Newbie
Newsgroup
OPT-IN
OPT-OUT
P3P
Packet
Packet
sniffer
Password
PGP
PII
Ping
Plug-in
Privacy
Policy
Privacy
seal program
Proxy
server
Public
Domain
Query
string
Real
Audio
Search
Engine
Search
Machine
SMTP
Static
IP address
TCP/IP
Telecommuting
Trace
Route
Tracker
GIF
TrustE
Unzipping
URL
Virtual
Web
Browser
Web
Bug
Web
Master
WWW
Y2K
Zip
Drive
|
